Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who revolutionized the steel industry and became one of the wealthiest men in history. Born in Dunfermline, Scotland, Carnegie immigrated to the United States at age 13 and began working in a cotton mill. He built a vast steel empire through hard work and strategic investments, eventually selling it to J.P. Morgan for $480 million in 1901.

Carnegie's true legacy, however, lies in his philanthropy. Believing that the wealthy had a moral obligation to use their fortunes for the betterment of society, he donated over 90% of his wealth during his lifetime. His 1889 essay "The Gospel of Wealth" outlined his philosophy that the rich should live modestly and use their surplus wealth to promote the welfare and happiness of the common man.

Carnegie's philanthropic efforts were vast and enduring. He established over 2,500 public libraries worldwide, founded Carnegie Mellon University, and built Carnegie Hall in New York City. He also funded numerous charitable trusts, including the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Today, Carnegie is remembered not only as a captain of industry but as a pioneer of modern philanthropy who set an example for future generations of wealthy individuals.

Andrew Carnegie resided in his Skibo Castle in Scotland during his later years, where he continued to write and advocate for world peace until his death in 1919.